The plastics industry is one of the fastest growing major
industries in the world. Every year there is an increase in the amount of
plastics used in all types of products. A good example of this is the percent
of plastics used in today's automobiles compared to 15 years ago.
The plastics injection molding field, at large, is volume
oriented. Vendor sources, particularly mold makers and custom molders, are
geared to long tool life and high volume production. Plastics equipment
manufacturers, likewise, have concentrated almost exclusively on fully
automatic, sophisticated injection molding machines whose economics lie in
single runs of 100,000 parts or more and in multi-shift operations.
The continued rate of growth in the industry hinges on the
development of improved and new thermoplastics with greater physical
properties. This has opened the door to applications never thought possible
before. These are emerging both as product innovations and as existing products
converted from materials such as metal, glass, wood or paper to plastics for
competitive and economic advantage.
Theory of injection molding
The theory of injection molding can be reduced to four simple
individual steps: Plasticizing, Injection, Chilling, and Ejection. Each of
those steps is distinct from the others and correct control of each is
essential to the success of the total process.
Plasticizing - describes the conversion of the polymer material
from its normal hard granular form at room temperatures, to the liquid
consistency necessary for injection at its correct melt temperature.
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Injection - is the stage during which this melt is introduced into
a mold to completely fill a cavity or cavities.
Chilling - is the action of removing heat from the melt to convert
it from a liquid consistency back to its original rigid state. As the material
cools, it also shrinks.
Ejection - is the removal of the cooled, molded part from the mold
cavity and from any cores or inserts. Repetition of these basic steps in
sequence is the process of injection molding.